German-born naturalist and scientific illustrator whose groundbreaking work on the life cycles of insects revolutionized natural science.

French landscape painter and a central figure in the Barbizon School, a movement that advocated for the direct study of nature.

American artist known for his exceptional skill in capturing the American landscape with both emotional depth and technical mastery.

Prominent Japanese painter who played a key role in modernizing traditional Japanese nihonga painting while preserving its cultural essence.

Italian polymath whose genius spanned multiple disciplines, including painting, sculpture, architecture, science, anatomy, and engineering.